MobX API 参考

用 {🚀} 标记的函数是进阶概念，通常不需要使用。请考虑下载我们的小抄，它用一页纸解释了所有重要的 API：

核心 API

这些是 MobX 中最重要的 API。

理解 observable, computed, reaction 和 action 就足够你掌握 MobX 并在你的应用中使用它了！

创建 observables

让事物可以被观察到。

`makeObservable`

用法: makeObservable(target, annotations?, options?)

属性、完整的对象、数组、Maps 和 Sets 都可以变成 observable.

`makeAutoObservable`

用法: makeAutoObservable(target, overrides?, options?)

自动将属性、对象、数组、Maps 和 Sets 转为 observable.

`extendObservable`

{🚀} Usage: extendObservable(target, properties, overrides?, options?)

Can be used to introduce new properties on the target object and make them observable immediately. Basically a shorthand for Object.assign(target, properties); makeAutoObservable(target, overrides, options);. However, existing properties on target won't be touched.

Old-fashioned constructor functions can nicely leverage extendObservable:

function Person(firstName, lastName) {
    extendObservable(this, { firstName, lastName })
}

const person = new Person("Michel", "Weststrate")

It is possible to use extendObservable to add observable fields to an existing object after instantiation, but be careful that adding an observable property this way is in itself not a fact that can be observed.

`observable`

Usage: observable(source, overrides?, options?) or observable (annotation)

Clones an object and makes it observable. Source can be a plain object, array, Map or Set. By default, observable is applied recursively. If one of the encountered values is an object or array, that value will be passed through observable as well.

`observable.object`

{🚀} Usage: observable.object(source, overrides?, options?)

Alias for observable(source, overrides?, options?). Creates a clone of the provided object and makes all of its properties observable.

`observable.array`

{🚀} Usage: observable.array(initialValues?, options?)

Creates a new observable array based on the provided initialValues. To convert observable arrays back to plain arrays, use the .slice() method, or check out toJS to convert them recursively. Besides all the language built-in array functions, the following goodies are available on observable arrays as well:

clear() removes all current entries from the array.
replace(newItems) replaces all existing entries in the array with new ones.
remove(value) removes a single item by value from the array and returns true if the item was found and removed.

If the values in the array should not be turned into observables automatically, use the { deep: false } option to make the array shallowly observable.

`observable.map`

{🚀} Usage: observable.map(initialMap?, options?)

Creates a new observable ES6 Map based on the provided initialMap. They are very useful if you don't want to react just to the change of a specific entry, but also to their addition and removal. Creating observable Maps is the recommended approach for creating dynamically keyed collections if you don't have enabled Proxies.

Besides all the language built-in Map functions, the following goodies are available on observable Maps as well:

toJSON() returns a shallow plain object representation of this Map (use toJS for a deep copy).
merge(values) copies all entries from the provided values (plain object, array of entries or a string-keyed ES6 Map) into this Map.
replace(values) replaces the entire contents of this Map with the provided values.

If the values in the Map should not be turned into observables automatically, use the { deep: false } option to make the Map shallowly observable.

`observable.set`

{🚀} Usage: observable.set(initialSet?, options?)

Creates a new observable ES6 Set based on the provided initialSet. Use it whenever you want to create a dynamic set where the addition and removal of values needs to be observed, but where values can appear only once in the entire collection.

If the values in the Set should not be turned into observables automatically, use the { deep: false } option to make the Set shallowly observable.

`observable.ref`

Usage: observable.ref (annotation)

Like the observable annotation, but only reassignments will be tracked. The assigned values themselves won't be made observable automatically. For example, use this if you intend to store immutable data in an observable field.

`observable.shallow`

Usage: observable.shallow (annotation)

Like the observable.ref annotation, but for collections. Any collection assigned will be made observable, but the contents of the collection itself won't become observable.

`observable.struct`

{🚀} Usage: observable.struct (annotation)

Like the observable annotation, except that any assigned value that is structurally equal to the current value will be ignored.

`observable.deep`

{🚀} Usage: observable.deep (annotation)

Alias for the observable annotation.

`observable.box`

{🚀} Usage: observable.box(value, options?)

All primitive values in JavaScript are immutable and hence per definition not observable. Usually that is fine, as MobX can just make the property that contains the value observable. In rare cases, it can be convenient to have an observable primitive that is not owned by an object. For such cases, it is possible to create an observable box that manages such a primitive.

observable.box(value) accepts any value and stores it inside a box. The current value can be accessed through .get() and updated using .set(newValue).

import { observable, autorun } from "mobx"

const cityName = observable.box("Vienna")

autorun(() => {
    console.log(cityName.get())
})
// Prints: 'Vienna'

cityName.set("Amsterdam")
// Prints: 'Amsterdam'

If the values in the box should not be turned into observables automatically, use the { deep: false } option to make the box shallowly observable.

Actions

An action is any piece of code that modifies the state.

`action`

Usage: action(fn) or action (annotation)

Use on functions that intend to modify the state.

`runInAction`

{🚀} Usage: runInAction(fn)

Create a one-time action that is immediately invoked.

`flow`

Usage: flow(fn) or flow (annotation)

MobX friendly replacement for async / await that supports cancellation.

`flowResult`

Usage: flowResult(flowFunctionResult)

For TypeScript users only. Utility that casts the output of the generator to a promise. This is just a type-wise correction for the promise wrapping done by flow. At runtime it directly returns the inputted value.

Computeds

Computed values can be used to derive information from other observables.

`computed`

Usage: computed(fn, options?) or computed(options?) (annotation)

Creates an observable value that is derived from other observables, but won't be recomputed unless one of the underlying observables changes.

React integration

From the mobx-react / mobx-react-lite packages.

`observer`

Usage: observer(component)

A higher order component you can use to make a functional or class based React component re-render when observables change.

`Observer`

Usage: <Observer>{() => rendering}</Observer>

Renders the given render function, and automatically re-renders it once one of the observables used in the render function changes.

`useLocalObservable`

Usage: useLocalObservable(() => source, annotations?)

Creates a new observable object using makeObservable, and keeps it around in the component for the entire life-cycle of the component.

Reactions

The goal of reactions is to model side effects that happen automatically.

`autorun`

Usage: autorun(() => effect, options?)

Reruns a function every time anything it observes changes.

`reaction`

Usage: reaction(() => data, data => effect, options?)

Reruns a side effect when any selected data changes.

`when`

Usage: when(() => condition, () => effect, options?) or await when(() => condition, options?)

Executes a side effect once when a observable condition becomes true.

Utilities

Utilities that might make working with observable objects or computed values more convenient. Less trivial utilities can also be found in the mobx-utils package.

`onReactionError`

{🚀} Usage: onReactionError(handler: (error: any, derivation) => void)

Attaches a global error listener, which is invoked for every error that is thrown from a reaction. This can be used for monitoring or test purposes.

`intercept`

{🚀} Usage: intercept(propertyName|array|object|Set|Map, listener)

Intercepts changes before they are applied to an observable API. Returns a disposer function that stops the interception.

`observe`

{🚀} Usage: observe(propertyName|array|object|Set|Map, listener)

Low-level API that can be used to observe a single observable value. Returns a disposer function that stops the interception.

`onBecomeObserved`

{🚀} Usage: onBecomeObserved(observable, property?, listener: () => void)

Hook for when something becomes observed.

`onBecomeUnobserved`

{🚀} Usage: onBecomeUnobserved(observable, property?, listener: () => void)

Hook for when something stops being observed.

`toJS`

Usage: toJS(value)

Recursively converts an observable object to a JavaScript structure. Supports observable arrays, objects, Maps and primitives. Computed values and other non-enumerable properties won't be part of the result. For more complex (de)serialization scenarios, it is recommended to give classes a (computed) toJSON method, or use a serialization library like serializr.

const obj = mobx.observable({
    x: 1
})

const clone = mobx.toJS(obj)

console.log(mobx.isObservableObject(obj)) // true
console.log(mobx.isObservableObject(clone)) // false

Configuration

Fine-tuning your MobX instance.

`configure`

Usage: sets global behavior settings on the active MobX instance. Use it to change how MobX behaves as a whole.

Collection utilities {🚀}

They enable manipulating observable arrays, objects and Maps with the same generic API. This can be useful in environments without Proxy support, but is otherwise typically not needed.

`values`

{🚀} Usage: values(array|object|Set|Map)

Returns all values in the collection as an array.

`keys`

{🚀} Usage: keys(array|object|Set|Map)

Returns all keys / indices in the collection as an array.

`entries`

{🚀} Usage: entries(array|object|Set|Map)

Returns a [key, value] pair of every entry in the collection as an array.

`set`

{🚀} Usage: set(array|object|Map, key, value)

Updates the collection.

`remove`

{🚀} Usage: remove(array|object|Map, key)

Removes item from the collection.

`has`

{🚀} Usage: has(array|object|Map, key)

Checks for membership in the collection.

`get`

{🚀} Usage: get(array|object|Map, key)

Gets value from the collection with key.

Introspection utilities {🚀}

Utilities that might come in handy if you want to inspect the internal state of MobX, or want to build cool tools on top of MobX.

`isObservable`

{🚀} Usage: isObservable(array|object|Set|Map)

Is the object / collection made observable by MobX?

`isObservableProp`

{🚀} Usage: isObservableProp(object, propertyName)

Is the property observable?

`isObservableArray`

{🚀} Usage: isObservableArray(array)

Is the value an observable array?

`isObservableObject`

{🚀} Usage: isObservableObject(object)

Is the value an observable object?

`isObservableSet`

{🚀} Usage: isObservableSet(set)

Is the value an observable Set?

`isObservableMap`

{🚀} Usage: isObservableMap(map)

Is the value an observable Map?

`isBoxedObservable`

{🚀} Usage: isBoxedObservable(value)

Is the value an observable box, created using observable.box?

`isAction`

{🚀} Usage: isAction(func)

Is the function marked as an action?

`isComputed`

{🚀} Usage: isComputed(boxedComputed)

Is this a boxed computed value, created using computed(() => expr)?

`isComputedProp`

{🚀} Usage: isComputedProp(object, propertyName)

Is this a computed property?

`trace`

{🚀} Usage: trace(), trace(true) (enter debugger) or trace(object, propertyName, enterDebugger?)

Should be used inside an observer, reaction or computed value. Logs when the value is invalidated, or sets the debugger breakpoint if called with true.

`spy`

{🚀} Usage: spy(eventListener)

Registers a global spy listener that listens to all events that happen in MobX.

`getDebugName`

{🚀} Usage: getDebugName(reaction|array|Set|Map) or getDebugName(object|Map, propertyName)

Returns the (generated) friendly debug name for an observable or reaction.

`getDependencyTree`

{🚀} Usage: getDependencyTree(object, computedPropertyName)

Returns a tree structure with all observables the given reaction / computation currently depends upon.

`getObserverTree`

{🚀} Usage: getObserverTree(array|Set|Map) or getObserverTree(object|Map, propertyName)

Returns a tree structure with all reactions / computations that are observing the given observable.

Extending MobX {🚀}

In the rare case you want to extend MobX itself.

`createAtom`

{🚀} Usage: createAtom(name, onBecomeObserved?, onBecomeUnobserved?)

Creates your own observable data structure and hooks it up to MobX. Used internally by all observable data types. Atom exposes two report methods to notify MobX with when:

reportObserved(): the atom has become observed, and should be considered part of the dependency tree of the current derivation.
reportChanged(): the atom has changed, and all derivations depending on it should be invalidated.

`getAtom`

{🚀} Usage: getAtom(thing, property?)

Returns the backing atom.

`transaction`

{🚀} Usage: transaction(worker: () => any)

Transaction is a low-level API. It is recommended to use action or runInAction instead.

Used to batch a bunch of updates without notifying any observers until the end of the transaction. Like untracked, it is automatically applied by action, so usually it makes more sense to use actions than to use transaction directly.

It takes a single, parameterless worker function as an argument, and returns any value that was returned by it. Note that transaction runs completely synchronously and can be nested. Only after completing the outermost transaction, the pending reactions will be run.

import { observable, transaction, autorun } from "mobx"

const numbers = observable([])

autorun(() => console.log(numbers.length, "numbers!"))
// Prints: '0 numbers!'

transaction(() => {
    transaction(() => {
        numbers.push(1)
        numbers.push(2)
    })
    numbers.push(3)
})
// Prints: '3 numbers!'

`untracked`

{🚀} Usage: untracked(worker: () => any)

Untracked is a low-level API. It is recommended to use reaction, action or runInAction instead.

Runs a piece of code without establishing observers. Like transaction, untracked is automatically applied by action, so usually it makes more sense to use actions than to use untracked directly.

const person = observable({
    firstName: "Michel",
    lastName: "Weststrate"
})

autorun(() => {
    console.log(
        person.lastName,
        ",",
        // This untracked block will return the person's
        // firstName without establishing a dependency.
        untracked(() => person.firstName)
    )
})
// Prints: 'Weststrate, Michel'

person.firstName = "G.K."
// Doesn't print!

person.lastName = "Chesterton"
// Prints: 'Chesterton, G.K.'